Version 24 September 2026
This page is the Sources Page of the Service operated by Pallarium, a prototype service run before incorporation by its founder (the "Company"). It states the notices on the Sources Page that are Incorporated Documents under Section 1.1(cc) of the Master Terms of Service, and forms part of the Agreement. For the purposes of Section 2.3 of the Master Terms of Service it ranks as a Policy under Section 2.3(k), save that Section 2.5 of this page and Section 15.3 of the Acceptable Use Policy apply as stated in them. Section 3.9 of the Master Terms of Service applies to this page.
1.1 In this page:
(a) "Licence" means, in relation to any Third-Party Material, the licence or other terms stated against it in Sections 3 to 7.
(b) "Licensor" means the owner of any Third-Party Material, or the person that makes it available under a Licence.
(c) "Third-Party Material" means any Third-Party Data, publication, standard designation, typeface or other material identified in Sections 3 to 8.
1.2 Capitalised terms used but not defined on this page have the meanings given to them in the Master Terms of Service of the Company.
1.3 Every address stated on this page is stated as text.
2.1 Ownership. Third-Party Material belongs to its Licensor. It is used under the Licence stated against it or, where no Licence is stated, without reproduction of any protected expression other than the quotations identified on this page.
2.2 Modification. Third-Party Material has been selected, restated, converted, combined with other data and applied in calculations by the Company. Every value computed, converted or otherwise derived by the Company is a value of the Company and is not a value published by the Licensor.
2.3 No endorsement. No Licensor endorses, sponsors or is affiliated with the Company, the Service or any Output. No Licensor's name, logo or trademark is used to support, recommend or market the Company, the Service or any Output.
2.4 No responsibility of Licensors. Third-Party Material is provided by its Licensor as is. No Licensor bears any responsibility or liability for the Service, for any Output or for any use made of any Third-Party Material by the Company or by any User.
2.5 Licences preserved. Nothing in the Agreement restricts any right that any person holds under a Licence in respect of the Third-Party Material licensed under it, to the extent that the Licence prohibits such a restriction. Section 15.3 of the Acceptable Use Policy applies.
2.6 Company Materials. Every value, range, estimate, criterion, envelope, score, cost band and description in the Service that is not attributed on this page is Company Materials.
3.1 Norwegian Offshore Directorate. Contains data under the Norwegian licence for Open Government data (NLOD) distributed by the Norwegian Offshore Directorate. Licence: Norwegian Licence for Open Government Data (NLOD) 2.0, https://data.norge.no/nlod/en/2.0. Source: FactPages of the Norwegian Offshore Directorate, https://factpages.sodir.no/. The Company has changed the information by computing recovery factors from the published volumes and by combining it with other information.
3.2 Eurostat. Source: Eurostat, datasets nrg_pc_205, Electricity prices for industrial consumers — bi-annual data (from 2007 onwards), consumption band ID, and nrg_pc_203, Gas prices for industrial consumers — bi-annual data (from 2007 onwards), consumption band I5, period 2025-S2, accessed 2 September 2026. The Company has converted the prices into United States dollars and combined them with other data. Eurostat bears no responsibility for the converted prices or for any use made of them.
3.3 European Central Bank. Source: European Central Bank, euro foreign exchange reference rate of 31 August 2026. The Company has applied the rate to convert prices from euro into United States dollars. The euro foreign exchange reference rates may be obtained free of charge from the European Central Bank at https://www.ecb.europa.eu.
3.4 U.S. Energy Information Administration. Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Electric Power Monthly, Table 5.6.B, Average Price of Electricity to Ultimate Customers by End-Use Sector, by State, Year-to-Date through June 2026 (August 2026). The Company has converted the prices from cents to United States dollars per kilowatt-hour.
3.5 U.S. Department of the Interior. NTL No. 2009-G31, Hydrogen Sulfide, Minerals Management Service, Gulf of Mexico OCS Region (now Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement).
3.6 Norwegian regulation. Forskrift om fiskal måling i petroleumsvirksomheten (måleforskriften), section 8, Referansebetingelser.
3.7 IP geolocation. IP Geolocation by DB-IP, https://db-ip.com. IP to Country Lite database, licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
4.1 V.H. Leong and H. Ben Mahmud, "A preliminary screening and characterization of suitable acids for sandstone matrix acidizing technique: a comprehensive review", Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology 9, 753–778 (2019), https://doi.org/10.1007/s13202-018-0496-6. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Passages are quoted with omissions marked by ellipses and insertions marked by square brackets. Selection criteria are restated by the Company in a different arrangement.
4.2 M. Al-Mahasneh, S. Al Rabadi and H. Khaswaneh, "Assessment of oil-producing wells by means of stimulation approach through matrix acidizing: a case study in the Azraq region", Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology 11, 3479–3491 (2021), https://doi.org/10.1007/s13202-021-01256-5. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Equations are restated by the Company.
4.3 "Fluid flow fundamentals", AAPG Wiki, American Association of Petroleum Geologists and the contributors to the AAPG Wiki, https://wiki.aapg.org/Fluid_flow_fundamentals. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/. Equations are restated by the Company.
5.1 C. Crowe, J. Masmonteil and R. Thomas, "Trends in matrix acidizing", Oilfield Review 4(4), 22–40 (1992), treatment-fluid selection guideline, as reproduced in the publication identified in Section 4.1.
5.2 S. Portier, L. André and F.D. Vuataz, "Review on chemical stimulation techniques in oil", Centre for Geothermal Research, Neuchâtel (2007), acid-selection tables, as reproduced in the publication identified in Section 4.1.
5.3 Aung Ko Oo, "A Review of Drainage Area Effect on Horizontal Well Productivity Models", International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 4(7) (July 2019). Short passages are quoted, with omissions marked by ellipses.
5.4 Joshi (1988), horizontal-well inflow model, and Economides, Deimbacher, Brand and Heinemann (1991), its anisotropic form, as presented in the publication identified in Section 5.3.
5.5 Taber, Martin and Seright, "EOR Screening Criteria Revisited — Part 1", SPE Reservoir Engineering, August 1997 (SPE-35385-PA), Society of Petroleum Engineers. Screening criteria are restated by the Company. One sentence is quoted.
5.6 Society of Petroleum Engineers, SPE Symbols Standard, SI Metric Conversion Factors, Tables 1 and 2. Conversion factors and reference conditions are applied by the Company.
6.1 The Service refers to the following standards by designation, title and edition only:
[LIST OF STANDARD DESIGNATIONS, TITLES AND EDITIONS — GENERATED FROM THE STANDARDS REGISTER]
6.2 Standards are the property of their publishers. Standard designations, and the names and marks of standards bodies, are marks of their respective owners and are used solely to identify the standard concerned. No text, table or figure of any standard is reproduced in the Service.
7.1 Geologica. Copyright 2020 The Geologica Project Authors. Licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1. The licence is distributed with the typeface files of the Service.
8.1 The names, trademarks and trade names of the companies in the Supplier Directory belong to their respective owners and are used solely to identify those companies. No listed company is affiliated with, sponsors or endorses the Company or the Service, and no listed company has paid for its inclusion, its position or its category.
9.1 A Licensor or other rights holder may request the correction or removal of any attribution, or the cessation of any use, by electronic mail to hello@pallarium.com with the subject "Sources". Such requests are handled under Section 10.2 of the Copyright and Content Complaints Policy.